How much does groundwater temperature typically increase with depth?

The correct choice reflects a common principle in geothermal gradients, which are the rates at which temperature increases with depth below the Earth’s surface. Typically, groundwater temperature increases by approximately 2 °C for every 100 meters of depth. This rate can vary based on geological conditions, but the standard gradient is widely recognized in hydrogeology.

Groundwater is influenced by various factors, including the thermal properties of the surrounding rocks and soil, and the local geothermal gradient. This principle plays a crucial role in understanding subsurface thermal conditions and managing groundwater resources effectively.

In contrast, other potential gradients suggested by the other options would not align with this generally accepted range, as they either indicate a temperature increase that is too high or too low based on numerous studies and observations.