What describes the process of separating solid particles of various sizes during sediment deposition?

The process of separating solid particles of various sizes during sediment deposition is known as sorting. During sediment transport, the size, shape, and density of particles influence how they are moved and ultimately deposited. When sediment-laden water loses energy, typically as it enters a still environment or shallows, the larger, heavier particles settle first, while smaller, lighter particles remain suspended for longer periods and are deposited later. This results in a well-sorted deposit where particles are more uniform in size.

In contrast, traction refers to the process where larger particles roll or slide along the riverbed but does not directly relate to the separation of particles by size. Channeling refers to the formation of distinct channels within a river or stream but does not address sediment deposition processes specifically. Competence, on the other hand, refers to the maximum size of particles that a stream can carry at a given flow velocity rather than the separation of those particles during deposition. Understanding sorting is crucial for interpreting sedimentary environments and the resulting stratigraphy in geological studies.