What is an artesian well?

An artesian well is defined as a well where water rises under pressure. This phenomenon occurs when groundwater in an aquifer is confined between layers of impermeable rock or sediment, creating pressure within the water. When a well is drilled into this confined aquifer, the pressure can cause the water to flow to the surface naturally, without the need for a pump. This flow can result in the water rising above the ground level, often creating a continuous and adequate water supply.

In contrast, an artesian well differs fundamentally from a traditional well, which requires a pump for the extraction of water. The presence of pressure in an artesian well allows for a more efficient and spontaneous flow of water. This characteristic is what distinguishes an artesian well from other types, thus making it a notable feature in hydrogeology.

The other descriptions, such as minimal production of water or being perpetually dry, do not accurately represent the nature of an artesian well, which is specifically characterized by its ability to deliver water due to internal pressure. Understanding this distinction is crucial for recognizing the importance of natural pressure in groundwater systems.