What is the main consequence of saltwater intrusion on freshwater resources?

The main consequence of saltwater intrusion on freshwater resources is the contamination of freshwater aquifers. Saltwater intrusion occurs when saltwater encroaches into areas where freshwater is present, particularly in coastal regions. This phenomenon typically results from a combination of factors such as over-extraction of groundwater, rising sea levels, and changes in natural water flow patterns.

When saltwater enters freshwater aquifers, it affects the quality of the drinking water supply, as the presence of salt renders the water unsuitable for consumption and irrigation without significant treatment. This can lead to increased costs for water purification and a reduction in available freshwater, ultimately threatening local ecosystems and the communities dependent on these water sources.

Given the importance of freshwater resources for both human use and ecological health, the impact of contamination from saltwater intrusion emphasizes the need for sustainable water management practices in coastal areas.