What process primarily shapes karst landscapes?

Karst landscapes are primarily shaped by the dissolving power of groundwater. This process occurs when slightly acidic water, often due to the presence of carbon dioxide from the atmosphere or soil, percolates through rocks such as limestone. The groundwater slowly dissolves the calcium carbonate in the limestone, leading to the formation of various features characteristic of karst topography, such as sinkholes, caves, and underground drainage systems.

Over time, the continuous action of this dissolution on the rock creates a unique landscape with distinct characteristics, including steep cliffs and rugged terrain. The process is significant because it not only reshapes the land but also affects groundwater systems and surface water interactions in the area, making karst environments essential in the study of hydrology and geology.