What term describes limestone rock left behind after cave formation?

The term that accurately describes limestone rock left behind after cave formation is "travertine." Travertine forms as a result of calcium carbonate precipitation, which can occur in stalactites, stalagmites, and other speleothems within caves. The process is driven by the dripping of mineral-rich water that leaves behind deposits as it evaporates or loses carbon dioxide, leading to the formation of this type of limestone.

Travertine is typically recognized for its layered appearance and can accumulate in extensive deposits, particularly in areas with abundant groundwater flow. This accumulation often happens over significant periods, contributing to the landscape's geological features. In contrast, other terms like dripstone and stalagmite refer to specific formations in caves rather than the rock itself that remains after the formation process.

Understanding these terms helps clarify the geological processes at work within caves and the various ways limestone interacts with water over time. This knowledge is essential for appreciating how these natural structures evolve and the conditions that lead to their formation.