What type of flood is typically caused by heavy rainfall occurring in a short period?

Flash floods are characterized by their rapid onset, typically occurring within six hours of heavy rainfall in a localized area. This type of flooding is often the result of intense precipitation that overwhelms the drainage capacity of the soil and nearby waterways, leading to a sudden and extreme surge of water in streams and rivers. Flash floods can occur in hilly or mountainous areas where the terrain causes water to flow quickly downhill, as well as in urban areas where impervious surfaces limit natural absorption.

The distinctive feature of flash floods is their speed; they can develop within minutes and create dangerous conditions for anyone caught in the affected areas. This is in contrast to other types of flooding, which can develop more gradually. Understanding the characteristics of flash floods is crucial for emergency preparedness and response, as communities need to act quickly to avoid losing lives and property during such events.