Which process refers to the chemical breakdown of rocks due to substances in water?

The correct answer relates to the process known as solution, which describes the chemical breakdown of rocks as a result of the interaction with dissolved substances in water. This process is particularly significant in the weathering of soluble rocks such as limestone, which reacts with acidic waters (often containing carbonic acid formed from carbon dioxide). When these rocks dissolve, minerals go into solution, which not only alters the physical structure of the rock but also contributes to the transport of minerals in surface and groundwater.

In contrast, attrition involves the mechanical wearing down of rock particles through physical collisions and friction as they move, while abrasion refers to the process where sediments scrape against a surface, causing erosion through physical means. Hydraulic action, on the other hand, describes the force of moving water exerting pressure on rocks, which can lead to their removal but does not specifically involve chemical changes.